Boltzmann
constant - DeBroglie principle
The Boltzmann constant defines the amount of energy
of heat necessary to raise the temperature of a gas by one degree of temperature measured in degrees Kelvin, when at the pressure
of one atmosphere. Boltzmann constant k is equal to:
k = 1.380658 x 10-23 J/K (Joule / Kelvin)
1J
= 107 erg
1
erg = 1.6 x 1012 eV
k = 2.2 x 10-4 eV/K
k = 2.2 x 10-13 GeV /
K
vP = 0.0044 C = 4.4 x
10-3 x 3 x 105
Km/sec
vP = 13.2 x 102 Km / sec = 1.32 x 103Km / sec
= 1320 Km / sec = 1.32 x 106
m / sec
What additional velocity would be generated to a proton
by an energy of
2.2 x 10-13 GeV for each Kelvin degree?
v2 / E2 = vl / E1 v2 = vl x E2 / E1 v1
= 0.0044C 1Km / sec = 10-6
x C
1 m = 1015 GeV-1 1 sec = 1024 GeV-1 E1 = 2.2 x 10-13 GeV E2 = 10-5 GeV
v2 = 0.0044 C x 2.2 x 10-13 GeV / 10-5 GeV
v2 = 4.4 x 10-3 x 2.2 C x 10-8 = 9.68 x 10-11
C = 10-10 C
v2
= 10-10 x 3 x 105 Km / sec = 3 x 10-5 Km / sec = 0.03 m / sec
If my assumptions are
correct, the additional velocity of a proton at rest for each additional input of energy equal to the Boltzmann constant is
3 cm / sec. The additional velocity increase of a proton under the influence of heat is
3 cm /sec for each degree of temperature K. At the temperature of 0 degree Celsius
or 273 degrees Kelvin the velocity of a proton will be increased by 819 cm / sec.
DeBroglie principle
The substance of matter can be
envisioned for being some time represented by particles and sometime by waves, a paradox that scientists have tried to explain
since the advent of the Planck theory. The American physicist Arthur Holly Compton discovered that X rays radiation (considered
to be a very energetic electromagnetic wave) could in penetrating matter lose energy when hitting an Electron while imparting
to it increased velocity and a change of direction. Compton experiment demonstrated that waves and particles can display similar
physical properties. It was also experimentally discovered that a beam of Electrons in penetrating a crystal would display
patterns of interference as observed by Young when light waves were projected through a screen with two adjacent slots. The
French scientist Louis DeBroglie in considering the problem expressed the relationship of particles and waves in the formula:
Lambda = h / Mo v
Lambda represents the wave length
of a speeding object, h the Planck constant, v the velocity of a moving object and Mo the mass of the object. The wavelength
of an object in motion can be expressed as a function of the Planck constant h over its momentum Mo x v, a relationship that
applies to all objects possessing momentum. I assumed that the transitional velocity of an Electron at its lowest energy level
is provided by the energy contained in its non imploding volume M. The mass of an electron Mo is equal to 0.51 x 10-3
GeV. The mass of M (the non imploding mass of an Electron) is equal to 10-9 GeV. M also indicates the mass of an object (increasing or decreasing according
to its velocity).
h = 1
C = 1
From the equation
Lambda = h / Mo x v
The velocity of an electron at its lowest energy level is
0.7 x 10-6
Lambda = 1 / 10-3 GeV
x 0.7 x 10-6 = 0.7 x 10-9 GeV-1
0.7
x 10-9 GeV-1 in meters
is equal to 0.7 x 10-24 m
In DeBroglie equation the wavelength of an electron at its lower energy level has the same value that I assumed to
be the diameter of the electron source. Coincidence?
